1. What is .NET Framework?
NET Framework is a complete environment that allows developers to
develop, run, and deploydeploy the following applications:
- Console applications
- Windows Forms applications
- Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) applications
- Web applications (ASP.NET applications)
- Web services
- Windows services
- Service-oriented applications using Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)
- Workflow-enabled applications using Windows Workflow Foundation (WF).
2. What are the main components of .NET
Framework?
The following are the key components of .NET
Framework:
- .NET
Framework Class Library
- Common
Language Runtime
- Dynamic
Language Runtimes (DLR)
- Application
Domains
- Runtime
Host
- Common
Type System
- Metadata
and Self-Describing Components
- Cross-Language
Interoperability
- .NET Framework Security
3. What is an IL?
Intermediate Language is also known as MSIL
(Microsoft Intermediate Language) or CIL (Common Intermediate Language). All
.NET source code is compiled to IL. IL is then converted to machine code at the
point where the software is installed, or at run-time by a Just-In-Time (JIT)
compiler.
4. Which method do you use to enforce garbage
collection in .NET?
The System.GC.Collect() method.
5. State the differences between the Dispose() and Finalize().
CLR uses the Dispose and Finalize methods to
perform garbage collection of run-time objects of .NET applications.
The Finalize method is called automatically by the runtime. CLR has a garbage collector (GC), which periodically checks for objects in heap that are no longer referenced by any object or program. It calls the Finalize method to free the memory used by such objects. The Dispose method is called by the programmer.Dispose is another method to release the memory used by an object. The Dispose method needs to be explicitly called in code to dereference an object from the heap. The Dispose method can be invoked only by the classes that implement the IDisposable interface.
The Finalize method is called automatically by the runtime. CLR has a garbage collector (GC), which periodically checks for objects in heap that are no longer referenced by any object or program. It calls the Finalize method to free the memory used by such objects. The Dispose method is called by the programmer.Dispose is another method to release the memory used by an object. The Dispose method needs to be explicitly called in code to dereference an object from the heap. The Dispose method can be invoked only by the classes that implement the IDisposable interface.
6. What is code access security (CAS)?
Code access security (CAS) is part of the .NET
security model that prevents unauthorized access of resources and operations,
and restricts the code to perform particular tasks.
7. Differentiate between managed and
unmanaged code?
Managed
code is the code that is executed directly by the CLR instead of the operating
system. The code compiler first compiles the managed code to intermediate language
(IL) code, also called as MSIL code. This code doesn't depend on machine
configurations and can be executed on different machines.
Unmanaged code is the code that is executed directly by the operating system outside the CLR environment. It is directly compiled to native machine code which depends on the machine configuration.
8. What is garbage collection?
Garbage collection prevents memory leaks during execution of programs. Garbage collector is a low-priority process that manages the allocation and deallocation of memory for your application.
Unmanaged code is the code that is executed directly by the operating system outside the CLR environment. It is directly compiled to native machine code which depends on the machine configuration.
8. What is garbage collection?
Garbage collection prevents memory leaks during execution of programs. Garbage collector is a low-priority process that manages the allocation and deallocation of memory for your application.
9. What is Difference between NameSpace and
Assembly?
Following are the differences between
namespace and assembly:
- Assembly
is physical grouping of logical units, Namespace, logically groups
classes.
- Namespace can span multiple assembly.
10. Mention the execution process for managed
code.
A piece of managed code is executed as
follows:
- Choosing
a language compiler
- Compiling
the code to MSIL
- Compiling
MSIL to native code
- Executing
the code.
11.Which is the root namespace for
fundamental types in .NET Framework?
System.Object is the root namespace for fundamental types in .NET Framework.
12. Describe the roles of CLR in .NET
Framework.
CLR provides an environment to execute .NET applications on target
machines. CLR is also a common runtime environment for all .NET code
irrespective of their programming language, as the compilers of respective
language in .NET Framework convert every source code into a common language
known as MSIL or IL (Intermediate Language).
CLR also provides various services to execute processes, such as memory management service and security services. CLR performs various tasks to manage the execution process of .NET applications.
CLR also provides various services to execute processes, such as memory management service and security services. CLR performs various tasks to manage the execution process of .NET applications.
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